Lecturer and researcher in molecular biology and psycho-genomics, Tauhid Nur Azhar said that Hans Selye's theory of stress include hormonal imbalance called psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). Changes in psychological state will encourage hormonal changes marked increase in ACTH and cortisol, which is a marker of stress.
Increasing these hormones would produce a multiplier effect, including the immune system or the body's immunological response and autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. "As a result, there can be interference with the immune system that affect the body vulnerable to disease infection originated. Changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic responses can also result in chronic degenerative disorders such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease," says Tauhid.
Immune system is influenced stress and hormonal systems, advanced Tauhid, is a cellular and humoral immune system. The existence of the cellular system based on the suppression of T lymphocytes and B will have an impact on inade strong or unstable immune response.
"Does stress genes affected? Yes, of course. Due process and the stress response involves neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, the parts of the brain, enzymes, hormones, receptors, cytokines or growth factors that are encoded by genes. Therefore, when someone gets psychological stress, response emerges is synthesized some special proteins that its 'recipe' would come DNA from related genes," he said again.
So, what genes that trigger stress? According to the Science Daily site, researchers at Yale University have discovered a gene that is suppose to be the major trigger for stress or depression, the MKP-1 gene. Professor Ronald S Duman, psychiatrist and pharmacologist at Yale University said, MKP-1 gene may be the main trigger abnormalities signaling that lead to depression. Therefore, this gene is "turned off" important molecular pathway in the brain and weaken the functions of nerve cells and persistent causes of depression and other disorders.
This gene discovery is done in a way to scan the entire genome in tissue samples from 21 people diagnosed die from depression and compared them with 18 people diagnosed with depression free. The result is, one gene called MKP-1 increased two-fold increase in brain tissue depressed individuals.
"People often complain and stress will cause changes in the functions of the cell body. Therefore, a lot of people complain, physical and psychological health is not optimal. Complaining is an expression of disappointment and not sincere form of the provision of Allah," he said.
Professor Guillen Fernandez, neuroscience experts at Donders Institute said, that the trend is also influenced by the presence of simple stress stress genes passed down by parents to children. In his research, Guillen to use the scanner to see how the human brain reacts under pressure.
Through his research, he discovered that the amygdala, part of the 'primitive' brain region that helps keep our emotions, become more active in people who inherit the gene stress.
Various experiments performed by neuroscience researchers also showed that the genes we inherit help determine whether we have a head cold or "explosive" in dealing with various situations. Genes also help determine whether we can see the good side of a condition or just prefer to complain.
Tauhid explained, on the monkey also known "GUSI" gene that can affect the brain's ability to overcome the urge aggressiveness and anger that damage to be more tranquil. Baby monkeys tend to be aggressive and destructive a baby monkey that lost its mother figure.
"The absence of interaction with the parent or source of security and warmth, will lead to a wave of fear and anxiety that played by the chemical in the body, including the hormone category. Hormonal imbalance is apparently anxious to inhibit the activity of "GUSI" genes that are in charge of producing guanilat cyclase enzyme involved in the production of calm hormones," he said.
Therefore, according Tauhid, in human breast milk from the mother to the baby will encourage optimization of the roles of genes in DNA that responsible for growing warmth and affection. Quiet hormone on the human called serotonin.
"The warmth and affection has a special circuit which consists of a set of brain areas and neural cell that works with neurotransmitters or brain hormones. DNA role in this case is to provide the basic 'recipe' for the production of many hormones and chemical compounds that work with synergistically to affect nerve cells," he explains. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCE | SCIENCE DAILY | NODEJU | FEBY SYARIFAH | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 31012013]
Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.
