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| Tsunami that occurred on March 11, 2011 through coastal forest and hit residential areas in Natori, Miyagi Prefecture Japan. (Picture from: KYODO | REUTERS) |
Why? "Because these animals have sharp hearing so as to save themselves early," said Meguro, who became speaker at the Workshop on Tsunami Mitigation, held the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, in Jakarta October 25, 2011.
Meguro addition, there are four tsunami experts from Japan who became speaker. They are Professor Fumihiko Imamura (Tohoku University), Professor Hideo Matsutomi (Akita University), Dr. Kenji Harada (University of Shizuoka), and Dr. Megumi Sugimoto (University of Tokyo). Other speakers were Dr. Subandono Diposaptono, Director of Coastal and Ocean.
The speakers explained the approach structure / physical and non-structural. Included in the first approach is a natural damper, such as coral reefs and coastal vegetation. Then the wave anchoring buildings, such as breakwater, sea walls, embankments sluice, shelter, and houses on stilts.
Meanwhile, non-physical approach is the creation of hazard maps, early warning systems, public awareness, building codes, and regulations. "Both approaches should be combined," said Fumihiko Imamura, a professor of engineering tsunami, which elaborated on the lessons and the damage from the earthquake and tsunami Tohoku happened in March 2011.
Indeed, from Tohoku tsunami, which killed 15 thousand people and left more than 4,000 lives lost, in some places exceeded wave height sea wall and trees on the beach. Learning from this incident, Meguro proposed that housing be in the coastline retreated into the distance of 2-3 kilometers.
Meguro, who had conducted research in Indonesia and Thailand tsunami, also witnessed the existence of places of worship on the beach. Architecture of mosques, churches, and temples, hollow-cavity is relatively safe from the brunt of the wave. But he suggested that the building should still be moved away from the coastline.
However, the policy move would be costly settlements. Moreover, if the settlement is sandwiched between the coast and hills. "One solution that reclamation Greenbelt planted on it," said Subandono, a graduate of the doctoral program of the Tsunami Laboratory of Tohoku University.
According Subandono, the solution will be implemented in the City of Painan, the capital of the Pantai Selatan (South Coastal) District, West Sumatra. The town is located in the Gulf is indeed prone Painan tsunami. Since the last 200-300 years, a large earthquake and tsunami on the west coast of Sumatra.
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| Painan Reclamation Plan (Picture from: KORAN TEMPO 3688) |
Pantai Selatan Regent Nasrul Abit explained, about 161 thousand citizens who live near the coast are threatened by the tsunami. "Reclamation is required due to the abrasion of eroded coastal settlements, schools and other public facilities," said Nasrul. According Subandono, reclamation is also important because of the densely populated city Painan. On the other hand, the city is surrounded by hills. In planning, it would bury reclamation along the coast one kilometer by 200 meters wide. On a land area of 25 hectares will be planted marine pine, ketapang, and sea hibiscus. Diameter of marine pine (Casuarina sp) can reach 15-100 cm with a height of about 5-30 meters. Various tree is resistant to wind and stabilize sand dunes on the beach.
Such as Japan, Indonesia's tsunami-prone. From notes made Subandono, since 1600 until September 2011, there were 110 tsunamis in Indonesia. This disaster would be repeated. It's good we square off as recommended Barry Jones, the bishops of the Netherlands: "If we act and inevitable disaster, we prevent severe human suffering." *** [UNTUNG WIDYANTO | KORAN TEMPO 3688]
Guidelines for Coastal Belt
Coastal belt (Greenbelt) be a solution to mitigate the negative impact of the tsunami waves. Not only that, Greenbelt also has economic and environmental benefits. But not just any plant can be grown in this zone. According Subandono Diposaptono, Director of Coastal and Ocean, coastal areas threatened by the tsunami Indonesia is dominated sand beaches with sea wave energy is high enough.
"The area is less suitable mangrove planted," he said. The beach area is more suitable for non-mangrove vegetation, such as pine, coconut, ketapang, and sea hibiscus.
To provide guidance to local governments, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia is preparing Guidelines for Management of Coastal Belt for Tsunami Mitigation.
According Subandono, these guidelines will provide guidance from the planning stage, implementation of planting, to the evaluation of coastal belt. He asked for input from all parties to refine the draft guidelines. *** [UNTUNG WIDYANTO | KORAN TEMPO 3688]
