Compared with other planets in the solar system, Earth is a peaceful planet. However, geologists say, every 100 thousand years of super-eruption that destroyed life on this blue planet.
Researchers from Oregon State University (OSU), Minneapolis, reveals the secret behind these periodic disasters. They build models that simulate physical processes around the magma chamber by inserting a factor of temperature and geometry configuration.
The model shows formation elastic rocks surrounding the magma chamber, serves as a storage pressure for tens of thousands of years. Accumulated pressure to make the top of the magma chamber rose into the fracture surface of the earth on it and tear down the caldera.
"The process before the explosion such as baking bread, the top layer cracks when the dough expands," said Patricia Gregg, a researcher from OSU.
In the great mountains, these cracks spread until it reaches very deep magma chamber. As a result, the energy stored in a long time despite the short time produced major eruption.
"These cracks make the top of the magma chamber is shaky, then lifted up along with the eruption," he said. Such large eruptions have occurred in the northern island of Sumatra about 75 thousand years ago. This ancient volcanic eruption almost caused the human population on the brink of extinction. The rest of the eruption leaving the area now known as Lake Toba.
The environmental effects of the largest historic eruptions, such as Tambora 1815 (~35 km3 magma) and Laki 1783 (15 km3), can be usefully used as very small-scale analogs for the impact of much greater volcanic events. In the Laki case, this relatively small eruption of basaltic magma at high latitude impacted about half of the Northern Hemisphere. We must ask the question: Is our global society ready for the next super-eruption, even a modest-sized one?
At present threat of super eruption move to the United States. In these countries there is Yellowstone National Park that holds a large magma chamber. It is estimated that the next big eruption will occur in this area. However, the explosion will not occur in the near future. *** [SCIENCEDAILY | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3680]
Researchers from Oregon State University (OSU), Minneapolis, reveals the secret behind these periodic disasters. They build models that simulate physical processes around the magma chamber by inserting a factor of temperature and geometry configuration.
The model shows formation elastic rocks surrounding the magma chamber, serves as a storage pressure for tens of thousands of years. Accumulated pressure to make the top of the magma chamber rose into the fracture surface of the earth on it and tear down the caldera.
"The process before the explosion such as baking bread, the top layer cracks when the dough expands," said Patricia Gregg, a researcher from OSU.
In the great mountains, these cracks spread until it reaches very deep magma chamber. As a result, the energy stored in a long time despite the short time produced major eruption.
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| Toba Caldera. (http://mineralsciences.si.edu/) |
The environmental effects of the largest historic eruptions, such as Tambora 1815 (~35 km3 magma) and Laki 1783 (15 km3), can be usefully used as very small-scale analogs for the impact of much greater volcanic events. In the Laki case, this relatively small eruption of basaltic magma at high latitude impacted about half of the Northern Hemisphere. We must ask the question: Is our global society ready for the next super-eruption, even a modest-sized one?
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| (Picture from: http://www.how-americans.com/) |
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| Huge volcano sleeps under Yellowstone. (Picture from: http://www.buzzfeed.com/) |
At present threat of super eruption move to the United States. In these countries there is Yellowstone National Park that holds a large magma chamber. It is estimated that the next big eruption will occur in this area. However, the explosion will not occur in the near future. *** [SCIENCEDAILY | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3680]
